Traveling storytellers narrated legends and anecdotes while the emakimono was unrolled from the right to left in chronological order, as a moving panorama. Emakimono was common in the eleventh century. Main article: History of anime PrecursorsĮmakimono and shadow plays ( kage-e) are considered precursors of Japanese animation. In the mid-1980s, the term anime began to supplant Japanimation in general, the latter term now only appears in period works where it is used to distinguish and identify Japanese animation. Prior to the widespread use of anime, the term Japanimation, a portmanteau of Japan and animation, was prevalent throughout the 1970s and 1980s. (For example: 'Do you watch anime?' or 'How much anime have you collected?') As with a few other Japanese words, such as saké and Pokémon, English texts sometimes spell anime as animé (as in French), with an acute accent over the final e, to cue the reader to pronounce the letter, not to leave it silent as English orthography may suggest. In English, anime-when used as a common noun-normally functions as a mass noun.

Some sources claim that the term is derived from the French term for animation dessin animé ('cartoon', literally 'animated drawing'), but others believe this to be a myth derived from the popularity of anime in France in the late 1970s and 1980s. The English word 'animation' is written in Japanese katakana as アニメーション ( animēshon) and as アニメ ( anime, pronounced ⓘ) in its shortened form. The etymology of the term anime is disputed.

Other definitions are based on origin, making production in Japan a requisite for a work to be considered 'anime'. English-language dictionaries typically define anime ( / ˈ æ n ɪ m eɪ/) as 'a style of Japanese animation' or as 'a style of animation originating in Japan'. In Japanese, the term anime is used to refer to all animated works, regardless of style or origin.

EtymologyĪs a type of animation, anime is an art form that comprises many genres found in other mediums it is sometimes mistakenly classified as a genre itself. As of 2016, Japanese animation accounted for 60% of the world's animated television shows. Since the 1980s, the medium has also seen widespread international success with the rise of foreign dubbed, subtitled programming, and since the 2010s due to the rise of streaming services and a widening demographic embrace of anime culture, both within Japan and worldwide. The anime industry consists of over 430 production companies, including major studios such as Studio Ghibli, Kyoto Animation, Sunrise, Bones, Ufotable, MAPPA, Wit Studio, CoMix Wave Films, Production I.G, and Toei Animation. Diverse art styles are used, and character proportions and features can be quite varied, with a common characteristic feature being large and emotive eyes. Compared to Western animation, anime production generally focuses less on movement, and more on the detail of settings and use of 'camera effects', such as panning, zooming, and angle shots. It combines graphic art, characterization, cinematography, and other forms of imaginative and individualistic techniques. Īnime is a diverse medium with distinctive production methods that have adapted in response to emergent technologies. It is classified into numerous genres targeting various broad and niche audiences. In addition to original works, anime are often adaptations of Japanese comics ( manga), light novels, or video games. Anime is distributed theatrically, through television broadcasts, directly to home media, and over the Internet. A characteristic art style emerged in the 1960s with the works of cartoonist Osamu Tezuka and spread in following decades, developing a large domestic audience. The earliest commercial Japanese animation dates to 1917. Video games sometimes also feature themes and art styles that are sometimes labelled as anime. Many works of animation with a similar style to Japanese animation are also produced outside Japan. However, in Japan and Japanese, anime (a term derived from a shortening of the English word animation) describes all animated works, regardless of style or origin. Outside Japan and in English, anime refers specifically to animation produced in Japan. Anime ( Japanese: アニメ, IPA: ⓘ) is hand-drawn and computer-generated animation originating from Japan.

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